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Article

Managing asymmetric information effects in decision making: Task complexity-based model

أكتوبر 01, 2020

/ Belkacem Athamena / zina houhamdi / Ghaleb El Refae

This paper proposes a formal model to manage the impact of asymmetric information in decision-making by using principal-agent problems in which an agent (who has incomplete information) must decide to perform or not perform a task on behalf of the principal. After performing a complex (simple) task, the agent underrates (overrates) his competence. As a consequence of underestimation, a competent agent may decide to stop performing the task henceforth. The agent infers his competence from his pr...


Article

Levels of vitamin D and vitamin D pathway gene polymorphisms in adults: Results based on rural agriculture workers in Punjab province of Pakistan

أكتوبر 01, 2020

Hussain N Shaban A Baig M

Background and aims: Worldwide low levels of vitamin D (< 30ng/dL) is prevalent and linked to bone disorders, diabetes and coronary heart disease. Deficiency in Vitamin D is a diagnostic challenge in asymptomatic individuals. The present study aimed to assess the environmental and also the genetic determinants affecting vitamin D deficiency in an asymptomatic rural agricultural population sample of Punjab province of Pakistan. Material and method: An interview based questionnaire and blood samp...


Article

Influence of Health Literacy on Medication Adherence Among Elderly Females With Type 2 Diabetes in Pakistan

أكتوبر 01, 2020

Hussain N Shaban A Khan Z

Health literacy is how well the patients are able to attain, deal with, and understand basic health information. This is particularly important when it comes to comprehending prescribed medication instructions. To improve the communication strategies for health-care professionals during patient counseling, our study aimed to assess the influence of health literacy and medication adherence in older patients. The objectives of the study were to evaluate associations that occur between the level o...


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